The Past Simple(افعال بی قاعده)
افعال بی قاعده، فعل هایی هستند که در زمان Past Simple شکل گذشته آنها "ed-" نمی گیرد بلکه تغییر شکل می دهد.
eatate
gowent
havehad
در ادامه شکلهای مختلف جمله در این زمان را برای فعل بی قاعده go به عنوان مثال مشاهده می کنید.
POSITIVE STATEMENTSخبری مثبت
I went ...
You went ...
He went ...
She went ...
It went ...
We went ...
You went ...
They went ...
NEGATIVE STATEMENTSخبری منفی
I did not / didn't go ...
You did not / didn't go ...
He did not / didn't go ...
She did not / didn't go ...
It did not / didn't go ...
We did not / didn't go ...
You did not / didn't go ...
They did not / didn't go ...
POSITIVE QUESTIONSسوالی مثبت
Did I go ...?
Did you go ...?
Did he go ...?
Did she go ...?
Did it go ...?
Did we go ...?
Did you go ...?
Did they go ...?
NEGATIVE QUESTIONSسوالی منفی
Did I not / Didn't I go ...?
Did you not / Didn't you go ...?
Did he not / Didn't he go ...?
Did she not / Didn't she go ...?
Did it not / Didn't it go ...?
Did we not / Didn't we go ...?
Did you not / Didn't you go ...?
Did they not / Didn't they go ...?
SHORT ANSWERSپاسخ کوتاه
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Yes, you did. / No, you didn't.
Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
Yes, it did. / No, it didn't.
Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
Yes, you did. / No, you didn't.
Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
برای منفی و سوالی کردن جمله ها در این زمان از فعل کمکی did استفاده می کنیم. همانطور که مشاهده می کنید، وقتی did در جمله استفاده می شود، فعل اصلی جمله به صورت مصدر ساده است.
+She had a great time.
اوقات خوشی داشت. / بهاش خوش گذشت.
-She did not / didn't have a great time.
بهاش خوش نگذشت.
+Did she have a great time?
آیا بهاش خوش گذشت؟
?Did she not / Didn't she have a great time?
آیا بهاش خوش نگذشت؟
Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
شکل گذشته افعال بی قاعده را باید حفظ کنیم و بهترین منبع برای چک کردن آنها یک واژه نامه معتبر است. در پایین، لیستی از رایج ترین افعال بی قاعده در زبان انگلیسی را مشاهده می کنید.
| Base Form | Past Form |
|---|---|
| become | became |
| begin | began |
| break | broke |
| bring | brought |
| build | built |
| buy | bought |
| catch | caught |
| come | came |
| cost | cost |
| do | did |
| drink | drank |
| drive | drove |
| eat | ate |
| fall | fell |
| feel | felt |
| find | found |
| fly | flew |
| forget | forgot |
| get | got |
| give | gave |
| go | went |
| have | had |
| hear | heard |
| know | knew |
| leave | left |
| lose | lost |
| make | made |
| meet | met |
| pay | paid |
| put | put |
| read | read |
| run | ran |
| say | said |
| see | saw |
| send | sent |
| sing | sang |
| sit | sat |
| sleep | slept |
| speak | spoke |
| spend | spent |
| stand | stood |
| swim | swam |
| teach | taught |
| take | took |
| tell | told |
| think | thought |
| understand | understood |
| wake | woke |
| wear | wore |
| win | won |
| write | wrote |
Exercises
Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form of the verbs in parentheses. Use contractions wherever possible.
1.A: ____ you ____ out last night? (go)B: Yes, we ____ to a new restaurant, and we ____ pasta. (go - have)
A: Did you go out last night? (go)B: Yes, we went to a new restaurant, and we had pasta. (go - have)
2.A: ____ you ____ Jenny last night? (see)B: No, I ____, but I ____ her brother. He ____ Jenny didn't feel well. (see - say)
A: Did you see Jenny last night? (see)B: No, I didn't, but I saw her brother. He saidJenny didn't feel well. (see - say)
3.A: ____ you ____ your homework yesterday? (do)B: Yes, I ____, but I ____ some questions difficult. (find)
A: Did you do your homework yesterday? (do)B: Yes, I did, but I found some questions difficult. (find)
4.A: ____ Sarah ____ to the park in the morning? (go)B: No, she ____. She ____ to the library to study. (go)
A: Did Sarah go to the park in the morning? (go)B: No, she didn't. She went to the library to study. (go)