The Past Simple(افعال بی‌قاعده)
افعال بی‌قاعده، فعل‌هایی هستند که در زمان Past Simple شکل گذشته آنها "ed-" نمی‌گیرد بلکه تغییر شکل می‌دهد.
eatate
gowent
havehad
در ادامه شکل‌های مختلف جمله در این زمان را برای فعل بی‌قاعده go به عنوان مثال مشاهده می‌کنید.
POSITIVE STATEMENTSخبری مثبت
I went ...
You went ...
He went ...
She went ...
It went ...
We went ...
You went ...
They went ...
NEGATIVE STATEMENTSخبری منفی
I did not / didn't go ...
You did not / didn't go ...
He did not / didn't go ...
She did not / didn't go ...
It did not / didn't go ...
We did not / didn't go ...
You did not / didn't go ...
They did not / didn't go ...
POSITIVE QUESTIONSسوالی مثبت
Did I go ...?
Did you go ...?
Did he go ...?
Did she go ...?
Did it go ...?
Did we go ...?
Did you go ...?
Did they go ...?
NEGATIVE QUESTIONSسوالی منفی
Did I not / Didn't I go ...?
Did you not / Didn't you go ...?
Did he not / Didn't he go ...?
Did she not / Didn't she go ...?
Did it not / Didn't it go ...?
Did we not / Didn't we go ...?
Did you not / Didn't you go ...?
Did they not / Didn't they go ...?
SHORT ANSWERSپاسخ کوتاه
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Yes, you did. / No, you didn't.
Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
Yes, it did. / No, it didn't.
Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
Yes, you did. / No, you didn't.
Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
برای منفی و سوالی کردن جمله‌ها در این زمان از فعل کمکی did استفاده می‌کنیم. همان‌طور که مشاهده می‌کنید، وقتی did در جمله استفاده می‌شود، فعل اصلی جمله به صورت مصدر ساده است.
+She had a great time.
اوقات خوشی داشت. / به او خوش گذشت.
-She did not / didn't have a great time.
به او خوش نگذشت.
+Did she have a great time?
آیا به او خوش گذشت؟
?Did she not / Didn't she have a great time?
آیا به او خوش نگذشت؟
Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
شکل گذشته افعال بی‌قاعده را باید حفظ کنیم و بهترین منبع برای چک کردن آنها یک واژه‌نامه معتبر است. در پایین، لیستی از رایج‌ترین افعال بی‌قاعده در زبان انگلیسی را مشاهده می‌کنید.
| Base Form | Past Form |
|---|---|
| become | became |
| begin | began |
| break | broke |
| bring | brought |
| build | built |
| buy | bought |
| catch | caught |
| come | came |
| cost | cost |
| do | did |
| drink | drank |
| drive | drove |
| eat | ate |
| fall | fell |
| feel | felt |
| find | found |
| fly | flew |
| forget | forgot |
| get | got |
| give | gave |
| go | went |
| have | had |
| hear | heard |
| know | knew |
| leave | left |
| lose | lost |
| make | made |
| meet | met |
| pay | paid |
| put | put |
| read | read |
| run | ran |
| say | said |
| see | saw |
| send | sent |
| sing | sang |
| sit | sat |
| sleep | slept |
| speak | spoke |
| spend | spent |
| stand | stood |
| swim | swam |
| teach | taught |
| take | took |
| tell | told |
| think | thought |
| understand | understood |
| wake | woke |
| wear | wore |
| win | won |
| write | wrote |
Exercises
Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form of the verbs in parentheses. Use contractions wherever possible.
1.A: ____ you ____ out last night? (go)B: Yes, we ____ to a new restaurant, and we ____ pasta. (go - have)
A: Did you go out last night? (go)B: Yes, we went to a new restaurant, and we had pasta. (go - have)
2.A: ____ you ____ Jenny last night? (see)B: No, I ____, but I ____ her brother. He ____ Jenny didn't feel well. (see - say)
A: Did you see Jenny last night? (see)B: No, I didn't, but I saw her brother. He said Jenny didn't feel well. (see - say)
3.A: ____ you ____ your homework yesterday? (do)B: Yes, I ____, but I ____ some questions difficult. (find)
A: Did you do your homework yesterday? (do)B: Yes, I did, but I found some questions difficult. (find)
4.A: ____ Sarah ____ to the park in the morning? (go)B: No, she ____. She ____ to the library to study. (go)
A: Did Sarah go to the park in the morning? (go)B: No, she didn't. She went to the library to study. (go)