The Past Simple(افعال با قاعده)
افعال با قاعده، فعل‌هایی هستند که در زمان Past Simple، شکل گذشته آنها "ed-" می‌گیرد.
در ادامه ساختار‌های مختلف جمله در این زمان را برای فعل با قاعده work به عنوان مثال مشاهده می‌کنیم.
POSITIVE STATEMENTSخبری مثبت
I worked ...
You worked ...
She worked ...
He worked ...
It worked ...
We worked ...
You worked ...
They worked ...
NEGATIVE STATEMENTSخبری منفی
I did not / didn't work ...
You did not / didn't work ...
She did not / didn't work ...
He did not / didn't work ...
It did not / didn't work ...
We did not / didn't work ...
You did not / didn't work ...
They did not / didn't work ...
POSITIVE QUESTIONSسوالی مثبت
Did I work ...?
Did you work ...?
Did she work ...?
Did he work ...?
Did it work ...?
Did we work ...?
Did you work ...?
Did they work ...?
NEGATIVE QUESTIONSسوالی منفی
Did I not / Didn't I work ...?
Did you not / Didn't you work ...?
Did she not / Didn't she work ...?
Did he not / Didn't he work ...?
Did it not / Didn't it work ...?
Did we not / Didn't we work ...?
Did you not / Didn't you work ...?
Did they not / Didn't they work ...?
Short Answersپاسخ کوتاه
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Yes, you did. / No, you didn't.
Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
Yes, it did. / No, it didn't.
Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
Yes, you did. / No, you didn't.
Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
برای منفی و سوالی کردن جمله‌ها در این زمان از فعل کمکی did استفاده می‌کنیم. همان‌طور که مشاهده می‌کنید، وقتی did در جمله استفاده می‌شود فعل اصلی جمله به صورت مصدر ساده و بدون "ed-" است.
+We stayed at home last night.
ما دیشب خانه ماندیم.
-We did not / didn't stay at home last night.
ما دیشب خانه نماندیم.
+?Did you stay at home last night?
آیا شما دیشب در خانه ماندید؟
+Didn't you stay / Did you not stay at home last night?
آیا دیشب در خانه نماندید؟
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
در فعل‌های با قاعده‌ای که به حرف "y" بعد از یک حرف صامت ختم می‌شوند، در هنگام اضافه شدن "ed-" در زمان Past Simple، حرف "y" به "i" تبدیل می‌شود.
study + edstudied
trytried
در فعل‌های با قاعده‌ای که به حرف "e" ختم می‌شوند، در زمان Past Simple فقط یک "d-" به انتهای فعل اضافه می‌کنیم.
decide + eddecided
love + edloved
قانون املایی دیگر مربوط به فعل‌های با قاعده تک‌سیلابی‌ای است که به «یک حرف صامت + یک حرف مصوت + یک حرف صامت» ختم می‌شوند. وقتی در زمان Past Simple این فعل‌ها "ed-" می‌گیرند، حرف آخرشان تکرار می‌شود. لازم به ذکر است که این قانون برای فعل‌هایی که به یکی از حرف‌های "w" ،"x" و "y" ختم می‌شوند صدق نمی‌کند.
plan + edplanned
stop + edstopped
در افعال با قاعده‌ای که به صدای /t/ یا /d/ ختم می‌شوند، "ed-" صدای /ɪd/ می‌دهد.
decided/dɪˈsaɪdɪd/
wanted/ˈwɑːntɪd/
در افعال با قاعده‌ای که به یکی از صداهای /p/ ،/f/ ،/k/ ،/ʧ/ ،/ʃ/،/θ/ یا /s/ ختم می‌شوند، "ed-" صدای /t/ می‌دهد.
stopped/stɑːpt/
laughed/læft/
picked/pɪkt/
watched/wɑːtʃt/
washed/wɑːʃt/
passed/pæst/
earthed/ɜːrθt/
Exercises
Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form of the verbs in parentheses. Use contractions wherever possible.
1.A: ____ you ____ law at university? (study)B: No, I ____. I ____ sociology. (study)
A: Did you study law at university?B: No, I didn't. I studied sociology.
2.A: How was your trip to the island? ____ you ____ it? (like)B: Yes, we ____. we ____ to come back home. (not / want)
A: How was your trip to the island? Did you like it?B: Yes, we did. we didn't want to come back home.
3.A: ____ you ____ the football match last night? (watch)B: No, I ____. I ____ late last night. (work)
A: Did you watch the football match last night? (watch)B: No, I didn't. I worked late last night. (work)
4.A: I ____ Tom three times yesterday, but he ____. (call - not / answer)B: Maybe he ____ his phone with him. (not / have)
A: I called Tom three times yesterday, but he didn't answer.B: Maybe he didn't have his phone with him.