To Be (Past)
فعل be به معنی «بودن / هستن» یکی از رایج ترین فعل ها در زبان انگلیسی است. نکته متفاوت در مورد این فعل این است که بر خلاف اغلب فعل ها در زبان انگلیسی هم در زمان حال و هم در زمان گذشته برای فاعل های متفاوت صرف می شود.
در ادامه مشاهده می کنید که این فعل چگونه در زمان گذشته با فاعلهای مختلف تغییر می کند.
POSITIVE STATEMENTSخبری مثبت
I was ...
You were ...
She was ...
He was ...
It was ...
We were ...
You were ...
They were ...
NEGATIVE STATEMENTSخبری منفی
I was not / wasn't ...
You were not / weren't ...
She was not / wasn't ...
He was not / wasn't ...
It was not / wasn't ...
We were not / weren't ...
You were not / weren't ...
They were not / weren't ...
POSITIVE QUESTIONSسوالی مثبت
Was I ...?
Were you ...?
Was she ...?
Was he ...?
Was it ...?
Were we ...?
Were you ...?
Were they ...?
NEGATIVE QUESTIONSسوالی منفی
Was I not / Wasn't I ...?
Were you not / Weren't you ...?
Was she not / Wasn't she ...?
Was he not / Wasn't he ...?
Was it not / Wasn't it ...?
Were we not / Weren't we ...?
Were you not / Weren't you ...?
Were they not / Weren't they ...?
همانطور که در ساختار های بالا می بینیم was و were خودشان هم نقش فعل اصلی و هم نقش فعل کمکی را برای منفی و سوالی کردن جملات بازی می کنند.
+He was at home last night.
دیشب خانه بود.
-He was not / wasn't at home last night.
دیشب خانه نبود.
+?Was he at home last night.
آیا او دیشب خانه بود؟
-?Wasn't he / Was he not at home last night.
آیا او دیشب خانه نبود؟
Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
بله، بود. / نه، نبود.
+They were worried.
آنها نگران بودند.
-They were not / weren't worried.
آنها نگران نبودند.
+?Were they worried?
آیا آنها نگران بودند؟
-?Weren't they / Were they not worried?
آیا نگران نبودند؟
Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
بله، نگران بودند. / نه، نگران نبودند.
Exercises
Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct form of the verb "be". Use contractions if you can.
1.A: ____ you and your brother at the gym last night?B: Yes, we ____.
A: Were you and your brother at the gym last night?B: Yes, we were.
2.A: You went to the cinema last night. ____ the movie good?B: No, it ____. The actors ____ terrible.
A: You went to the cinema last night. Was the movie good?B: No, it wasn't. The actors were terrible.
3.A: Where ____ your dad's parents born?B: They ____ born in Japan in the 1930s.
A: Where wereyour dad's parents born?B: They were born in Japan in the 1930s.
4.A: ____ you at home at the weekend?B: No, I ____, but my wife ____. She had to take care of the kids.
A: Were you at home at the weekend?B: No, I wasn't, but my wife was. She had to take care of the kids.