To Be (Present)
فعل be به معنی «بودن / هستن» یکی از پرکاربردترین فعلها در زبان انگلیسی است. نکته مهم درباره این فعل آن است که بر خلاف بیشتر فعلهای انگلیسی، شکل آن بسته به فاعل تغییر میکند؛ به عبارت دیگر، صرف میشود.
در ادامه مشاهده می کنید که این فعل چگونه با فاعلهای مختلف تغییر می کند.
خبری مثبت
I am / I'm ...
You are / You're ...
He is / He's ...
She is / She's ...
It is / It's ...
We are / We're ...
You are / You're ...
They are / They're ...
خبری منفی
I am not / I'm not ...
You are not / You aren't ...
He is not / He isn't ...
She is not / She isn't ...
It is not / It isn't ...
We are not / We aren't ...
You are not / You aren't ...
They are not / They aren't ...
سوالی مثبت
Am I ...?
Are you ...?
Is he ...?
Is she ...?
Is it ...?
Are we ...?
Are you ...?
Are they ...?
سوالی منفی
Am I not ...?
Are you not / Aren't you ...?
Is he not / Isn't he ...?
Is she not / Isn't she ...?
Is it not / Isn't it ...?
Are we not / Aren't we ...?
Are you not / Aren't you ...?
Are they not / Aren't they ...?
کلمات «is»، «am» و «are» هم به عنوان فعل اصلی و هم به عنوان فعل کمکی عمل میکنند. به این معنا که ما از آنها نهتنها برای توصیف، بلکه برای ساختن جملههای منفی و پرسشی نیز استفاده میکنیم.
+She is / She's a doctor.
او پزشک است.
-She is not / isn't a doctor.
او پزشک نیست.
+?Is she a doctor?
آیا او پزشک است؟
-?Is she not / Isn't she a doctor?
آیا او پزشک نیست؟
Yes, she is. // No, She isn't.
بله، پزشک است. / نه، پزشک نیست.
+They are / They're friendly.
آنها مهربان هستند.
-They are not / They aren't friendly.
آنها مهربان نیستند.
+?Are they friendly?
آیا آنها مهربان هستند؟
-?Are they not / Aren't they friendly?
آیا آنها مهربان نیستند؟
Yes, they are. // No, they aren't.
بله، هستند. / نه، نیستند.
Exercises
Complete the mini-dialogues below with the correct forms of the verb "be" (am / is / are). Use contractions wherever possible.
1.A: ____ you from Tokyo?B: No, I ____. I ____ Chinese.
A: Are you from Tokyo?B: No, I'm not. I'm Chinese.
2.A: Where ____ the other students? ____ they at the gym?B: No, they ____. They ____ at the swimming pool.
A: Where are the other students? Are they at the gym?B: No, they aren't. They're at the swimming pool.
3.A: Where ____ you from?B: I ____ from London. It ____ the capital of England.
A: Where are you from?B: I'm from London. It's the capital of England.
4.A: ____ you married?B: No, I ____, but my brother ____. He has two kids.
A: Are you married?B: No, I'm not, but my brother is. He has two kids.