To Have
فعل have به معنی «داشتن» یکی از رایج ترین فعل ها در زبان انگلیسی است. نکته مهم در موردش این است که بر خلاف اغلب افعال در زبان انگلیسی، شکل آن بسته به فاعل تغییر می کند.
در ادامه صرف این فعل را در جملات مختلف مشاهده می کنید.
خبری مثبت
I have ...
You have ...
She has ...
He has ...
It has ...
We have ...
You have ...
They have ...
خبری منفی
I do not / don't have ...
You do not / don't have ...
She does not / doesn't have ...
He does not / doesn't have ...
It does not / doesn't have ...
We do not / don't have ...
You do not / don't have ...
They do not / don't have ...
سوالی مثبت
Do I have ...?
Do you have ...?
Does she have ...?
Does he have ...?
Does it have ...?
Do we have ...?
Do you have ...?
Do they have ...?
سوالی منفی
Do I not / Don't I have ...?
Do you not / Don't you have ...?
Does she not / Doesn't she have ...?
Does he not / Doesn't he have ...?
Does it not / Doesn't it have ...?
Do we not / Don't we have ...?
Do you not / Don't you have ...?
Do they not / Don't they have ...?
در اینجا to have یک فعل اصلی است و مانند سایر افعال اصلی، در زمان Simple Present، برای منفی و سوالی کردنش از افعال کمکی do یا does استفاده می کنیم.
+She has a big house.
او خانه بزرگی دارد.
-She does not / doesn't have a big house.
او خانه بزرگی ندارد.
+?Does she have a big house?
آیا او خانه بزرگی دارد؟
-?Does she not / Doesn't she have a big house?
آیا او خانه بزرگی ندارد؟
Yes, she does. // No, She doesn't.
بله، دارد. / نه، ندارد.
+They have a dog.
آنها یک سگ دارند.
-They do not / don't have a dog.
آنها سگ ندارند.
+?Do they have a dog?
آیا آنها سگ دارند؟
-?Do they not / Don't they have a dog?
آیا آنها سگ ندارند؟
Yes, they do. // No, they don't.
بله، دارند. / نه، ندارند.
Exercises
Complete the mini-dialogues below with the correct form of the verb "have", "do" or "does". Use contractions where possible.
1.A: ____ you ____ a brother?B: No, I ____, but I ____ two sisters.
A: Do you have a brother?B: No, I don't, but I have two sisters.
2.A: How many friends ____ he ____?B: I'm afraid, he ____ any friends.
A: How many friends does he have?B: I'm afraid, he doesn't have any friends.
3.A: ____ you ____ a pet?B: No, I ____. I ____ any pets, but my sister ____ two cats.
A: Do you have a pet?B: No, I don't. I don't have any pets, but my sister has two cats.
4.A: ____ she ____ a car?B: Yes, she ____. She ____ a Mercedes.
A: Does she have a car?B: Yes, she does. She has a Mercedes.