The Past Continuous
زمان Past Continuous را برای صحبت کردن راجع به فعلی استفاده می کنیم که در زمان مشخصی در گذشته در حال رخ دادن بوده است.
A: What were you doing last night at 9 o’clock?
B: I was watching a movie on TV.
- دیشب ساعت 9 (داشتی) چه کار می کردی؟
- داشتم تو تلویزیون فیلم تماشا می کردم.
در مثال بالا، گوینده دقیقا ساعت 9 شب در حال تماشا کردن فیلم بوده است.
شکل های مختلف Past Continuous (was/were + v-ing)
در ادامه شکل های مختلف فعل work را در زمان Past Continuous می بینیم.
POSITIVE STATEMENTSخبری مثبت
I was working ...
You were working ...
He was working ...
She was working ...
It was working ...
We were working ...
You were working ...
They were working ...
NEGATIVE STATEMENTSخبری منفی
I was not / wasn't working ...
You were not / weren't working ...
He was not / wasn't working ...
She was not / wasn't working ...
It was not / wasn't working ...
We were not / weren't working ...
You were not / weren't working ...
They were not / weren't working ...
POSITIVE QUESTIONSسوالی مثبت
Was I working ...?
Were you working ...?
Was he working ...?
Was she working ...?
Was it working ...?
Were we working ...?
Were you working ...?
Were they working ...?
NEGATIVE QUESTIONSسوالی منفی
Was I not / Wasn't I working ...?
Were you not / Weren't you working ...?
Was he not / Wasn't he working ...?
Was she not / Wasn't she working ...?
Was it not / Wasn't it working ...?
Were we not / Weren't we working ...?
Were you not / Weren't you working ...?
Were they not / Weren't they working ...?
SHORT ANSWERSپاسخ کوتاه
Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.
Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
Yes, we were. / No, we weren't.
Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
همانطور که مشاهده می کنید با استفاده از افعال کمکی was و were می توانیم جملات را در زمان Past Continuous سوالی و منفی کنیم.
He was cooking.
داشت آشپزی می کرد.
He was not / wasn't cooking.
آشپزی نمی کرد. / در حال آشپزی نبود.
Was he cooking?
داشت آشپزی می کرد؟
Was he not / Wasn't he cooking?
(آیا) آشپزی نمی کرد / در حال آشپزی نبود؟
Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
They were watching TV.
داشتند تلویزیون تماشا می کردند.
They were not / weren't watching TV.
تلویزیون تماشا نمی کردند / در حال تماشای تلویزیون نبودند.
Were they watching TV?
(آیا) داشتند تلویزیون تماشا می کردند؟
Were they not / Weren't they watching TV?
(آیا) تلویزیون تماشا نمی کردند / در حال تماشای تلویزیون نبودند؟
Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
Past Continuous و Past Simple در یک جمله
گاهی پیش می آید که در یک جمله، یک فعل Past Continuous و یک فعل Past Simple را کنار هم استفاده کنیم. در این جمله ها، فعل طولانی تر در زمان Past Continuous است. فعل کوتاه تر که وسط فعل بلند تر اتفاق افتاده در زمان Past Simple است.
We were having lunch when he arrived.
وقتی او رسید، ما داشتیم شام می خوردیم.
I was taking a shower when the electricity went off.
وقتی برق رفت، داشتم دوش می گرفتم.
معادل فارسی این زمان معمولا صرف فعل «داشتن» در گذشته (داشتم، داشتی، داشت، داشتیم، داشتید، داشتند) کنار سایر افعال است.
در زبان انگلیسی دستهای از فعل ها مانند belong ،need ،hate ،love ،like ،believe ،know ،want ... وجود دارند که در زمان های continuous مانند زمان Past Continuous استفاده نمی شوند. این افعال را فعل های state یا non-action می نامیم.
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple or Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1.My knee hurts a lot. I ____ (fall) while I ____ (run) to catch the bus.
My knee hurts a lot. I fell while I was running to catch the bus.
2.We ____ (watch) TV when the lights ____ (go) out.
We were watching TV when the lights went out.
3.They ____ (not hear) the phone because they ____ (talk) loudly.
They didn't hear the phone because they were talking loudly.
4.He ____ (break) the glass while he ____ (wash) the dishes.
He broke the glass while he was washing the dishes.
5.I ____ (read) a book when the doorbell ____ (ring).
I was reading a book when the doorbell rang.
6.The students ____ (take) an exam when the fire alarm ____ (start).
The students were taking an exam when the fire alarm started.
7.We ____ (not go) outside because it ____ (rain).
We didn't go outside because it was raining.
8.She ____ (drop) her keys while she ____ (look) for her purse.
She dropped her keys while she was looking for her purse.