IELTS Topical VocabularyEnvironment
The expressions printed in bold within the paragraphs below can enrich your vocabulary range when you're writing or speaking about topics related to environment.
The rapid deterioration of our planet's environment has led to the destruction of numerous habitats, endangering countless species that struggle to survive amidst the chaos. As mankind continues to cut down rainforests and deplete natural resources, the consequences are felt across the globe, manifesting in the form of desertification, and causing irreparable damage to our ecosystems. The urgent need for sustainable practices and conservation efforts is crucial to mitigate the risk of pushing more species towards extinction and to preserve the delicate balance of our environment. Only through collective awareness and action can we hope to curb this worrying trend and ensure a brighter future for our planet.
deteriration (n):
the process of becoming worse or of lowering in quality, value, or condition
habitat (n):
the natural environment where an organism lives and thrives
endanger (v):
to put something or someone at risk of harm, loss, or extinction
species (n):
a group of living organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed
deplete (v):
to reduce or exhaust the supply of a resource
desertification (n):
the process by which fertile land becomes degraded, dry, and ultimately turns into desert
irreparable (adj):
impossible to repair or rectify
ecosystem (n):
a community of living organisms and non-living components that interact within a specific environment
sustainable (adj):
able to be maintained or continued at a certain rate or level without exhausting resources
mitigate (v):
To make less severe or painful
extinction (n):
the complete disappearance of a species
collective awareness (n):
a shared understanding or knowledge of a particular issue within a group or society
curb (v):
to restrain or keep something under control
As global warming persists, it brings about significant changes to our planet's environment, notably evident in rising sea levels that threaten coastal ecosystems and communities. The rapid melting of ice sheets in Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean further contributes to this alarming phenomenon, causing devastation to the delicate habitats of various wildlife species. In addition to these challenges, oil spills continue to pollute our oceans, exacerbating the plight of marine life. To combat these pressing issues, it is essential for individuals, industries, and governments to join forces and implement effective solutions, ensuring the preservation of our planet for future generations.
global warming (n):
the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earth's atmosphere
coastal (adj):
relating to or situated on the coast, where land meets the sea
ice sheet (n):
a large, thick mass of glacial ice covering a significant area of land
Antarctica (n):
the fifth-largest continent and the southernmost continent, located around the South Pole
the Arctic Ocean (n):
the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans, located around the North Pole
an alarming phenomenon (n):
an event or occurrence that is concerning or worrying
devastation (n):
severe and widespread destruction or damage
wildlife (n):
animals, birds, and other living things that exist in a natural environment
oil spill (n):
an accidental release of oil into the environment, usually in water
plight (n):
a difficult or dangerous situation, often one that is difficult to escape or improve
marine life (n):
plants, animals, and other organisms that live in or depend on the ocean
combat (v):
to take action to reduce or prevent something harmful or undesirable
a pressing issue (n):
a problem that needs immediate attention and resolution
preservation (n):
the act of maintaining or protecting something in its original or existing state
In recent decades, the impact of climate change has become increasingly evident, with the widespread effects of deforestation, melting glaciers, and rising carbon dioxide emissions contributing to a myriad of environmental challenges. The loss of forested areas not only diminishes essential habitats for countless species but also amplifies the negative consequences of the greenhouse effect. Furthermore, as glaciers continue to melt at an alarming rate, rising sea levels pose a threat to coastal ecosystems and communities. To combat these pressing issues, it is crucial to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and invest in renewable energy sources, while also promoting afforestation efforts to restore Earth's natural balance and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
deforestation (n):
the act of cutting down or burning trees in a forested area, typically for agriculture or other purposes
melting glaciers (n):
the process of glaciers, large masses of ice, shrinking in size due to warming temperatures
emission (n):
the release of something, especially a gas or other substance, into the air or environment
diminish (v):
to become smaller, weaker, or less important
amplify (v):
to increase in size, strength, or significance
greenhouse effect (n):
the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere due to gases such as carbon dioxide, causing global temperatures to rise
pose a threat (v):
to be a potential cause of harm, danger, or damage
fossil fuels (n):
non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals
renewable energy sources (n):
energy sources that can be replenished naturally and sustainably, such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power
afforestation (n):
the process of planting new trees in an area to create a forest or increase forested landafforest (v)
restore (v):
to bring something back to its original condition or improve it to a better state
The rapid urbanization and overpopulation in many parts of the world have led to numerous environmental challenges, including urban sprawl, waste management issues, and increased pollution. As cities expand, valuable natural habitats are lost, and resources become strained. The release of untreated raw sewage into waterways and the improper disposal of waste contribute to the pollution of our environment. Additionally, the growing number of vehicles on the roads produces harmful exhaust fumes, further exacerbating air quality concerns and contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer.
urbanization (n):
the process by which rural areas become more urban, typically involving the growth of cities and the development of infrastructure
overpopulation (n):
a situation in which the population of an area exceeds the available resources needed for survival
urban sprawl (n):
the unplanned and widespread growth of a city or urban area, often resulting in the loss of green spaces and increased reliance on cars
untreated raw sewage (n):
sewage that has not undergone any treatment to remove harmful pollutants or contaminants
waste disposal (n):
the process of managing and eliminating waste materials, including recycling, incineration, or landfills
exhaust fumes (n):
the mixture of gases and particles emitted from the exhaust system of vehicles or other machinery, often containing pollutants
exacerbate (v):
to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more severe
the ozone layer (n):
a protective atmospheric layer that shields Earth's inhabitants from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation
The widespread use of chemical pesticides and herbicides in modern agriculture has led to significant environmental degradation, posing a threat to the health of ecosystems and biodiversity. In contrast, those with a green thumb who embrace organic farming practices focus on cultivating a diverse array of crops without the use of synthetic chemicals. This approach not only promotes healthier soils but also helps to reduce the need for genetically modified crops. However, as rainfall patterns become more unpredictable and arid regions face prolonged periods of drought, finding sustainable solutions to maintain crop yields, prevent famines and ensure food security remains a pressing challenge.
pesticide (n):
a chemical substance used to kill or control pests, such as insects, rodents, or fungi
herbicide (n):
a chemical substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants or weeds
degradation (n):
the process of decline or deterioration, often referring to the environment or natural resources
biodiversity (n):
the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat or environment
green thumb / fingers (n):
a natural talent or skill for gardening or growing plants
cultivate (v):
to grow crops or plants
crop yields (n):
the amount of produce obtained from a crop in a given area
arid (adj):
describing a region or climate that is very dry, receiving little rainfall
drought (n):
a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water
famine (n):
a severe shortage of food, often resulting in widespread hunger, malnutrition, and death within a region or population
In our throwaway society, the accumulation of rubbish in our environment has become a pressing issue, particularly when it ends up in dumping grounds that contaminate the surrounding ecosystems with toxic substances. A critical aspect of addressing this problem is promoting waste segregation, where individuals separate biodegradable from non-biodegradable materials. By doing so, we can help reduce the environmental hazards posed by improper waste disposal and encourage recycling efforts. Furthermore, governments and organizations should incentivize the use of biodegradable products and educate people about the importance of reducing litter.
throwaway society (n):
a culture or way of living where products are designed to be used once or for a short time, then discarded and replaced
dumping ground (n):
a site where waste or unwanted materials are left or discarded
contaminate (v):
to make something impure or harmful by adding substances that are poisonous, polluting, or otherwise damaging
toxic (adj):
poisonous or very harmful to humans, animals, or the environment
address a problem (v):
to find solutions or ways to deal with a difficulty, issue, or concern
waste segregation (n):
the process of separating different types of waste, such as biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials, to facilitate recycling and proper disposal
biodegradable (adj):
describing substances that can be broken down naturally by living organisms, such as bacteria or fungi
enviromental hazards (n):
risks or dangers to the natural environment and the creatures that live within it
waste disposal (n):
the process of managing and eliminating waste materials, such as recycling, incineration, or landfills
incentivize (v):
to provide rewards, benefits, or motivation for someone to do something
litter (n):
trash or waste materials left in an inappropriate place, such as a public area or natural environment
The pursuit of green politics has become crucial in addressing the environmental challenges posed by our modern society, with an emphasis on reducing our carbon footprint through sustainable practices and renewable energy sources like solar power. Environmentalists advocate for the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and promote ecotourism as a means of supporting conservation efforts while minimizing human impact on the environment. Pressure groups also play an essential role in raising awareness of environmental issues such as the harmful effects of microplastics, smog resulting from heavy industry, and the consequences of waste accumulation in landfills and incineration facilities.
green politics (n):
a political approach that prioritizes environmental protection, sustainability, and social justice
carbon footprint (n):
the amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, emitted due to an individual, or an organization's activities
solar (adj):
referring to energy obtained from sunlight, which can be converted into electricity or heat using solar panels or other devices
environmentalist (n):
a person who is concerned with protecting the environment and advocates for sustainable practices
energy-efficient (adj):
using less energy to perform a task or function while providing the same level of performance or output
ecotourism (n):
tourism that involves visiting natural areas with a focus on minimizing negative environmental impacts and supporting conservation efforts
conservation (n):
the protection and preservation of natural resources, habitats, and ecosystems
minimize (v):
to reduce or lessen something as much as possible
pressure group (n):
an organized group of people who work together to influence government policies or public opinion on specific issues
raise awareness of (v):
to bring attention to a topic, problem, or cause so that more people know about it
microplastic (n):
tiny pieces of plastic, often invisible to the naked eye, that are present in various products and can accumulate in the environment, posing potential risks to aquatic life, wildlife, and human health
smog (n):
A type of air pollution that creates a haze or fog in the atmosphere, often caused by emissions from vehicles or industry
heavy industry (n):
industries that involve the production of large or heavy products, such as steel, chemicals, or machinery
waste accumulation (n):
the build-up of waste materials over time, often due to improper disposal or lack of recycling
landfill (n):
a designated site for disposing of waste materials, where they are buried and compacted under layers of soil
incineration (n):
the process of burning waste materials at high temperatures, often used for waste disposal or to generate electricity
The rapid population growth has led to increased pressure on our environment, raising concerns about the worst-case scenario where resources become scarce and the Earth struggles to support all living beings. As natural disasters such as flash floods and earthquakes become more frequent, we are constantly reminded of the need to protect our planet and find sustainable solutions to ensure our survival. Furthermore, issues like acid rain and malnutrition highlight the interconnectedness of our environment and human well-being, emphasizing the importance of achieving balance in our ecosystems. Getting back to nature and adopting practices that foster harmony between humans and the environment is crucial in safeguarding our future.
the worst-case scenario (n):
the most negative or severe possible outcome of a situation
scarce (adj):
limited or in short supply, often referring to resources or goods
living beings / things (n):
refers to all creatures that are alive, including humans, animals, and plants
natural disaster (n):
a catastrophic event resulting from natural causes, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, or volcanic eruptions
flash flood (n):
a sudden and rapid flooding event, often caused by heavy rainfall or other abrupt factors
acid rain (n):
rainfall that contains a high concentration of pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, causing harm to the environment and ecosystems
malnutrition (n):
a condition resulting from inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients, often leading to poor health and development
get back to nature (idiom):
to re-establish a connection with the natural world by spending time outdoors, engaging in activities such as hiking, camping, or gardening, and appreciating the beauty and value of nature
foster (v):
to promote, encourage, or support the development or growth of something
The introduction of invasive species into new ecosystems often disrupts the natural balance and poses threats to native and endangered species. Simultaneously, human activities such as overfishing deplete fish stocks, further impacting biodiversity. To counteract these issues, advocates for animal rights push for legislation to protect endangered species and their habitats from illegal logging and poaching. Without proper intervention, many species risk dying out or becoming extinct, leading to irreversible consequences for the environment and our planet as a whole.
invasive species (n):
non-native organisms that cause harm to a new ecosystem after being introduced
endangered species (n):
species at risk of extinction due to various factors, such as habitat loss, climate change, or human activities
fish stocks (n):
the populations of fish in a particular area, often referring to those that are commercially valuable or important for the ecosystem
illegal logging (n):
the unauthorized harvesting of timber in violation of laws or regulations, often resulting in deforestation and harm to ecosystems
poaching (n):
the illegal hunting, capturing, or killing of animals, often for their valuable parts or to sell as pets
die out (v):
to become extinct or cease to exist, often referring to a species or population
extinct (adj):
(of a species) no longer existing; permanently disappeared
Preserving the diverse flora and fauna found in our planet's pristine and unspoiled environments is a crucial responsibility shared by conservationists worldwide. Tropical regions, with their lush vegetation and unique ecosystems, are home to countless species and serve as a reminder of the beauty that nature has to offer. Promoting environmentally friendly practices in these areas helps protect the delicate balance of life, ensuring that future generations can continue to appreciate and learn from the intricate relationships found in these vibrant landscapes.
flora and fauna (n):
the plants (flora) and animals (fauna) found in a particular region or environment
pristine (adj):
in its original, pure, and unspoiled condition; untouched by human activities
unspoiled (adj):
not damaged or harmed by human activities; retaining its natural beauty and purity
tropical (adj):
relating to the warm, humid regions near the Equator, typically with abundant rainfall and diverse ecosystems
lush (adj):
rich in vegetation, with abundant plant growth; green and luxurious in appearance
vegetation (n):
plants or plant growth found in an area, often referring to the species composition and distribution
environmentally friendly (adj):
refers to practices, products, or activities that have a minimal negative impact on the environment or contribute to its preservation and sustainability
landscape (n):
the natural or man-made features of an area, including its landforms, ecosystems, and structures, forming a distinct visual and ecological unit